Review article: Mapping the adaptation solution space – lessons from Jakarta

Abstract. Coastal cities are under rising pressure to adapt climate change. They suffer from the severe effects of increased frequencies and intensities coastal hazards, particularly flooding, while oftentimes continuing sprawl into hazard-exposed areas grow beyond pace sufficient infrastructure development. Even though these problems have been quite well understood for a while, there is still comparatively little knowledge scientific assessment solution space, i.e., on options available adaptation ways in which they being perceived, framed evaluated literature. Focusing Jakarta, this study presents findings systematic peer-reviewed literature space with regard current future flooding. Jakarta chosen as case since it among highest flood risk globally also one most heavily researched regard, certainly Global South. Based structured keyword search, we assess 339 articles. Results indicate that perceived skewed towards hard protection against measures accommodate flooding or retreat exposed less widely considered debate. Soft reduction social vulnerability receive attention than those targeting taming often through engineering solutions. Likewise, hybrid approaches, combine soft complementary way, only rarely considered. Looking future, suggest despite importance main other fields deserve attention. This relates particular urgently needed feasibility effectiveness assessments ecosystems-based solutions mitigation vulnerability. While empirical results specific heuristic observations research similar scoping exercises predominantly might be relevance many Jakarta.